- Title: SREBRENICA-FILE Srebrenica marks 20 years since massacre
- Date: 7th July 2015
- Summary: TUZLA, BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA (FILE - JULY 14, 1995) (ORIGINALLY 4:3) (REUTERS) VARIOUS OF REFUGEES IN AIRPORT COMPOUND VARIOUS OF WOMEN COLLECTING WATER FROM TRUCK VARIOUS OF REFUGEES IN FIELD, TAKING HAY FROM HAYSTACKS WOMAN LYING ON GROUND SURROUNDED BY FELLOW REFUGEES REFUGEES GETTING OFF BUS, OLD MAN HELPED DOWN STEPS ANOTHER OLD MAN CRYING U.N. SOLDIERS ON ROAD VARIOUS O
- Embargoed: 22nd July 2015 13:00
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- Topics: General
- Reuters ID: LVA5VDTXMPBWA19F0KCUK851BLA9
- Aspect Ratio: 16:9
- Story Text: EDITORS PLEASE NOTE: THIS EDIT CONTAINS MATERIAL WHICH WAS ORIGINALLY 4:3
PLEASE NOTE THIS EDIT CONTAINS GRAPHIC VIDEO
Bosnia is marking 20 years since the Srebrenica massacre - Europe's worst atrocity since World War Two.
In July 1995, Bosnian Serb forces killed more than 8,000 Muslim men and boys in the eastern Bosnian enclave of Srebrenica, a designated United Nations 'safe haven'.
About 15,000 men and boys managed to escape and fled through the woods, but many were murdered by the Serbian army who ambushed them disguised as U.N. soldiers.
Bosnian Serb army commander Ratko Mladic, who orchestrated the capture of Srebrenica, was arrested in Serbia in 2011 after 16 years on the run. He is accused of genocide for orchestrating the massacre and for his role in the siege of Bosnia's capital Sarajevo.
War had broken out in Bosnia in April 1992. The Bosnian Serb army (VRS) swept eastwards. Srebrenica, a town of 36,000 where Muslims made up 75 percent of the population, was taken over by Serb troops but Muslims regained it after several weeks.
Early in 1993, Serbs started an offensive on Muslim-held areas. Srebrenica and Zepa became isolated enclaves deep in Serb-held territory. Muslims from the area flocked to Srebrenica and the population swelled to 60,000. They had little food, water or medical supplies.
In April, Srebrenica, Zepa and Gorazde in eastern Bosnia were declared three of six U.N. "safe areas". The United Nations Protection Force UNPROFOR deployed troops and VRS attacks stopped. But the town remained isolated and only a few humanitarian convoys reached it in the following two years.
Then Bosnian Serb President Radovan Karadzic ordered that Srebrenica and Zepa be entirely cut off and aid convoys be stopped from reaching the towns.
On July 9, 1995, Karadzic issued a new order to conquer Srebrenica. Troops surrounded the enclave and attacked the observation posts of Dutch peacekeepers, taking about 30 soldiers hostage.
The following day, July 10, the VRS started shelling Srebrenica. The Dutch forces threatened the Serbs with NATO airstrikes if they did not withdraw by morning.
Another day later, NATO planes bombed Serb tanks outside Srebrenica. The VRS threatened to resume shelling and kill the captured Dutch soldiers. Air strikes stopped and in the evening of July 11, Bosnian Serb commander General Ratko Mladic entered Srebrenica.
An estimated 30,000 Muslim refugees packed around the Dutch peacekeeping base in Potocari, just north of the town of Srebrenica, after Bosnian Serb forces seized the "safe area".
Mladic sought to calm them, telling the crowd they did not have to be afraid. Bosnian Serb forces put the frightened refugees onto buses to leave.
Many of the refugees were evacuated to Kladanj, 50 km (30 miles) away on the edge of government-held territory. There Bosnian Muslim refugees began walking in their search to find shelter.
The United Nations quickly noticed that most of the refugees arriving on government-held territory from the Srebrenica enclave were women, children, and the elderly, and became concerned about the fate of the men of Srebrenica.
"We know that we have another 2-3,000 in Kladanj, on their way, and others may be coming. The second major problem is the whereabouts of the men. This is a group mostly composed of women, elderly, and children. We have reports, but we cannot confirm, that there may be thousands of them in Bratunac, we have been asking for access, we have not been given access. We have international staff. But evidently, the whereabouts, the fate, and the non-access to many men, thousands of men, is also a matter of deep concern," said Soren Jessen-Petersen, spokesman for the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees in New York.
Tuzla airport on government territory was turned into a refugee camp, where mainly women and children found safety.
About 15,000 Bosnian Muslim soldiers and male civilians left Srebrenica overnight, marching through the hills to reach Muslim-held territory. Many died from shelling and sniper fire. Some government soldiers reached a camp near Tuzla.
Over the week followed the fall of Srebrenica, a total of about 8,000 men and boys from the enclave are estimated to have been killed by Bosnian Serb forces in detention or while trying to flee through the woods. Men were crammed into warehouses, schools and barns in the area outside Srebrenica. They were shot and buried in mass graves.
Twenty years after the killings, mass graves are still being found. Identification of the bodies is difficult: bodies were broken up by excavators that bulldozed them into mass graves. Bodies were also moved from the original graves to secondary locations to conceal the crime. Forensic experts painstakingly work through what is left of the bodies found in the hundreds of mass graves that have been discovered in the area.
Every year on July 11, the remains of those who have been identified over the past year are buried at the Memorial Centre in Potocari. - Copyright Holder: FILE REUTERS (CAN SELL)
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